Consumers are becoming increasingly vigilant about the ingredients in their personal care products. One particular group of chemicals that has garnered significant attention and concern is phthalates. Commonly used in a variety of personal care products, phthalates have been linked to numerous health issues, prompting a closer look at their presence in skincare. This article will explore what phthalates are, why they are problematic, how to identify them, and the current regulatory landscape regarding their use.
What are phthalates?
Phthalates, also known as phthalate esters, are a group of chemicals used primarily as plasticisers. These substances are added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. In skincare products, phthalates are often used as solvents and fixatives to help fragrances last longer and to maintain the consistency of the product.
Why phthalates are problematic
Phthalates have been the subject of extensive research due to their potential health risks. Here are some key reasons why phthalates in skincare products are a cause for concern:
- Endocrine disruption: Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors, meaning they can interfere with the body's hormone systems. This disruption can lead to reproductive issues, developmental problems in children, and can potentially increase the risk of certain cancers.
- Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Studies have shown that exposure to phthalates can lead to developmental and reproductive toxicity. This is particularly concerning for pregnant women and children, as phthalates can affect foetal development and hormone function.
- Allergic reactions and sensitisation: Phthalates can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals. This can be especially problematic for those with sensitive skin or pre-existing skin conditions.
Statistics highlighting the risks
- A study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found that over 95% of Americans had detectable levels of phthalates in their urine, indicating widespread exposure.
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has linked phthalates to an increased risk of asthma in children, with higher phthalate levels correlating with more severe asthma symptoms.
- Research from the University of Rochester suggests that higher levels of certain phthalates in pregnant women were associated with a 20% reduction in masculine play in their male children, highlighting the impact of phthalates on gender-specific development.
How to identify phthalates in skincare products
Phthalates can be challenging to identify on product labels because they are often hidden under different names. Here are some common names and abbreviations to look out for:
- Diethyl Phthalate (DEP)
- Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
- Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP)
- Benzylbutyl Phthalate (BBP)
- Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP)
Additionally, phthalates are often included under the vague term "fragrance" or "parfum," as regulations do not require manufacturers to disclose the specific chemicals used in fragrances.
Regulations on phthalates
Regulatory measures regarding phthalates vary globally. Here is an overview of the regulations in some key regions:
- Australia: In Australia, the use of certain phthalates in cosmetics and personal care products is restricted. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has issued recalls for products containing phthalates that exceed safe levels.
- European Union: The European Union has some of the strictest regulations on phthalates. Several phthalates, including DEHP, DBP, and BBP, are banned from use in cosmetics under the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009.
- United States: In the US, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not have specific regulations banning phthalates in cosmetics, but certain phthalates are prohibited in toys and childcare articles. The FDA encourages manufacturers to voluntarily avoid using phthalates.
- Canada: Health Canada has banned the use of six phthalates in soft vinyl children's toys and child care articles. However, there are no specific regulations for phthalates in cosmetics.
Choosing phthalate-free products
Given the potential health risks associated with phthalates, it's crucial for consumers to be informed and vigilant about the ingredients in their skincare products. Here are some tips for avoiding phthalates:
- Read labels carefully: Look for products labelled "phthalate-free" and scrutinise ingredient lists for any of the common phthalate names or the term "fragrance."
- Choose natural and organic brands: Many natural and organic skincare brands prioritise the use of safe, non-toxic ingredients and are transparent about their formulations.
- Research and stay informed: Stay updated on the latest research and regulations regarding phthalates and other potentially harmful ingredients in skincare products.
For further reading, consider these resources:
- Environmental Working Group (EWG) - Phthalates
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Phthalates Fact Sheet
By making informed choices, you can protect your health and support brands committed to providing safe and effective skincare products.